How safe is it for pregnant women taking COVID-19 vaccines and how well do they work?

There is a long, established history of giving vaccines during pregnancy, including for infections, such as whooping cough and flu. In the UK, advice for vaccination during pregnancy comes from different bodies of medical, nursing and midwifery experts, including The British Fertility Society, The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and The Royal College of Midwives. Another key source of expertise is the UK Teratology Information Service (teratology is the study of birth defects) which studies the safety of drugs, vaccinations and exposure to other things during pregnancy.
These organisations and others, have come together in discussion and together, they recommend COVID vaccination in pregnancy. Also, they advise that all women of reproductive age be offered and encouraged to have the vaccine.

“There’s no evidence that having the COVID vaccine during pregnancy increases the risk of stillbirth, early birth or smaller birth weight. This data are very reassuring and are accumulating rapidly, from thousands of pregnant women who have had their jabs in the UK,” Laura explains.

“Thinking about all types of vaccines – whether for COVID or for any other infection - the only type of vaccine that we do not give during pregnancy is one containing a ‘live’ virus- and none of the COVID vaccines are of this kind,” she adds. Similarly a study looking into pregnant women who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine before conceiving or within the first 20 weeks of their pregnancy, found that getting the vaccine is not associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.

As well as being safe, we know that COVID vaccines are also effective for pregnant women.

“We know that there are changes to the immune system in pregnancy, but people seem to respond to vaccines in the same way during pregnancy as they would outside of pregnancy,” says Laura. This issue is being studied in detail. While protective antibodies produced by the mother’s immune system in response to a vaccine can cross the placenta to help build immunity in the baby, the COVID vaccine itself does not cross the placenta, as it’s broken down within the arm muscle where it’s injected.

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