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Bad breath, morning breath, breath odor or halitosis are all terms used to describe a noticeably unpleasant odor exhaled on the breath. Halitosis is not a problem by itself, but it can cause concerns in our interpersonal relationships. We are all familiar with how the consumption of certain foods such as garlic and onions can affect our breath. This occurs because these foods are absorbed into our bloodstream, where they are transferred to our lungs and exhaled. Fortunately, bad breath caused by the foods we eat is only temporary. Common Causes of Bad Breath:  The truth is, most breath odour comes from food particles trapped in our mouths. When food remains in the mouth, it becomes a breeding ground for the bacteria that can cause bad breath. Other causes can include poor oral health, improper cleaning of dentures, periodontal disease as well as smoking & tobacco products. Bad breath can also be sign of an underlying medical condition of the stomach, lungs and bloodstream. A

Holly Szafran(age 17)– Holly helped her soccer team make it to the Quarterfinals of the State Tournament after being the 7th seed in MIAA North region. During the regular season, Holly scored 20 goals and had 15 assists. Holly was voted the 5th best player in the Bay Sate Conference and was a Bay State Conference All-Star player. She is attending Brandeis in the fall where she will continue her soccer career. Gabriella Sajedi(age 10)– This year, Gabriella competed in solo, team, and figure synchronized swimming competitions across the Northeast, winning 1st or 2nd place each time in her 10&under age group. This year, she swam her solo to Miley Cyrus's song "The Climb." She chose this song because of its inspirational message as it relates to Type 1 Diabetes. Gabriella dreams to one day swim on the US Olympic Synchronized Swim Team. Edward Richardson(age 18)– Has been the Co-Chair and Chair of the New England ADA Youth Leader Group, Speaker at the 2011 Boston Step

Exercising with Diabetes Complications If you have had diabetes for a long time and have developed complications, you may have questions about whether you should be engaging in physical activity—and if so, what kind of physical activity is best for your condition.  According to Jacqueline Shahar, MEd, RCEP, CDE, a clinical exercise physiologist and manager of Exercise Services in the Joslin Clinic at Joslin Diabetes Center, patients with diabetes complications should definitely continue to find appropriate opportunties for physical activity. In the Joslin’s Easy Start program many patients have significant diabetes complications and are able to exercise regularly and safely as part of their diabetes self-management plan. There is always some type of exercise people with complications can do. Not remaining activity can lead to developing additional complications and loss of functional capacity (the ability to do the activities of daily living). Here are some of the more common dia

Out of the estimated 24 million people with diabetes, one third, or eight million, don’t know they have the disease. According to Martin J. Abrahamson, M.D., Medical Director and Senior Vice President at Joslin Diabetes Center, this is because people with type 2 diabetes often have no symptoms. However, a simple blood test is all you need to find out if you are one the millions with untreated diabetes. Who should be tested? The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that everyone aged 45 and over should be tested for diabetes, and if the results are normal, re-tested every three years. Testing should be conducted at earlier ages and carried out more frequently in individuals who have any of the following diabetes risk factors: You have a parent or sibling with diabetes You are overweight (BMI higher than 25) You are a member of a high-risk ethnic population (African American, Hispanic American, Native American, Asian American or Pacific Islander) You had ge

People with type 2 diabetes frequently experience certain symptoms.                                          These include: being very thirsty, frequent urination, blurry vision, irritability tingling or numbness in the hands or feet frequent skin, bladder or gum infections, wounds that don’t heal extreme and unexplained fatigue. In some cases of type 2 diabetes, there are no symptoms. In this case, people can live for months, even years, without knowing they have the disease. This form of diabetes comes on so gradually that symptoms may not even be recognized. If you believe you are experiencing the symptoms of type 2 diabetes contact your primary care physician.

Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics tend to have one thing in common: obesity. Exactly how diet and obesity trigger diabetes has long been the subject of intense scientific research.  A new study published online August 14 in Nature Medicine reveals a pathway that links high-fat diets to a sequence of molecular events responsible for the onset and severity of diabetes. In studies spanning mice and humans, a research team at the Center for Nanomedicine, a collaboration between Sanford-Burnham and the University of California, Santa Barbara, discovered a pathway to disease that is activated in pancreatic beta cells, and then leads to metabolic defects in other organs and tissues, including the liver, muscle and adipose (fat). Together, this adds up to diabetes. “We were initially surprised to learn how much the pancreatic beta cell contributes to the onset and severity of diabetes,” says Dr. Jamey Marth, director of the Center for Nanomedicine and senior author of the study. “The obs

hy Hypertension Increases Damage to Eyes of Diabetic Patients ScienceDaily (July 12, 2012) — Hypertension frequently coexists in patients with diabetes. A new University of Georgia study shows why the co-morbid conditions can result in impaired vision. Share This: 41 See Also: Health & Medicine * Hypertension * Diabetes * Heart Disease * Blood Clots * Eye Care * Wounds and Healing Reference * Diabetes mellitus type 2 * Diabetic diet * Hypertension * Hyperglycemia "Results showed early signals of cell death in eyes from diabetic animals within the first six weeks of elevated blood pressure. Later, the tiny blood vessels around the optic nerve that nourish the retina and affect visual processing showed signs of decay as early as 10 weeks after diabetic animals develop hypertension," said Azza El-Remessy, assistant professor in the UGA College of Pharmacy and director of the UGA clinical and experimental therapeutics program. T

The bladder is a hollow organ in the pelvis that stores urine before it leaves the body when urinating. This function makes the bladder an important part of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is also composed of the kidneys, ureters, and urethra.  The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped part of the kidney that collects urine and sends it to the ureter. The ureter is the tube from each kidney to the bladder. The urethra is the tube that carries urine out of the body. The prostate is also part of the urinary tract.   The bladder, like the rest of the urinary tract, is lined with a layer of cells called the urothelium. This cell layer is separated from the bladder wall muscles called lamina propria by a thin fibrous band called the lamina propria. Bladder cancer begins when healthy cells in the inner layer of the bladder (most commonly urothelial cells) change and become uncontrollable, forming a mass called a tumor. Urothelial cells also line the renal pelvis and ureter.  Cancers that oc

Bone-Cancer-Stages Osteosarcoma Overview Overview Osteosarcoma is the most common type of cancer of the bone. It is the third most common malignancy in children and adolescents, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancers in these age groups. In children and adolescents, 50% of osteosarcomas arise from the bones around the knee. The cause of most cases of osteosarcoma is unknown although a genetic predisposition is suspected. The main known cause of osteosarcoma is radiation therapy. Osteosarcoma is a relatively frequent complication in survivors of childhood cancers treated with radiation therapy with a latency period of 15-20 years.[1][2] Osteosarcoma originates most frequently in the thigh bone (distal femur), lower leg (proximal tibia) or upper arm (proximal humerus). Symptoms of osteosarcoma depend on the extent of disease, but may include pain, swelling, localized enlargement of the extremity and, occasionally, a bone fracture without trauma. At the time of diagnosis, appr

What is Breast Cancer? Breast cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the breast. You can start with one or both breasts. Cancer begins when cells begin to grow out of control.      Breast cancer affects most women only, but men can also get breast cancer. It`s important to understand that most breast lumps are benign and not cancer (malignant). Noncancer breast tumors are abnormal growths, but they do not spread outside of the breast.  They are not life threatening, but some types of benign breast lumps can increase a woman`s risk of getting breast cancer. Any breast lump or change needs to be checked by a health care professional to find out if it is benign or malignant (cancer) and if it might affect your future cancer risk. Where breast cancer begins  Breast cancer can occur in different parts of the breast. The chest is the organ above the upper ribs and pectoral muscles. It has a left breast and a right breast, each with glands, ducts, and adipose tissue. For women, the

Liver Cancer About Liver Cancer The liver is the largest organ inside the body, located on the right side of the abdomen under the rib cage. It performs many important functions, such as storing and breaking down nutrients they can be used by the body, and filtering and storing blood. A person cannot survive without his or her liver. As the statistics indicate, liver cancer is more common among men than women. But, overall, the cancer is relatively rare in North America and Europe. By contrast, in certain African and East Asian countries, it is the most common of all types of cancer. For reasons as yet unknown, it is becoming even more common in these countries and less common in the U.S. and Europe. Cancer FAQs What are the different types of liver cancer? There are many kinds of tumors than can originate in the liver. Of the four main types that are cancerous (angiosarcomas, cholangiocarcinomas, hepatoblastomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas), hepatocellular carcinoma (also cal